Now medical protective masks and protective
clothing have become very scarce materials.
Classification and scope of medical protective clothing
1. According to usage
Divided according to usage and use: daily
work clothes, surgical clothes, isolation clothes and protective clothes. Daily
work clothes refer to the daily work of medical staff, also known as white
coats. Surgical gown refers to the clothing specially designed for indoor wear
during surgery. Isolation gown refers to the clothing worn by medical staff in
contact with patients, family members visiting patients and other occasions.
Protective clothing refers to medical emergency, infectious diseases where employees'
clothing enters the area, such as special areas worn in electromagnetic
radiation areas.
2. According to the service life
According to the service life, medical
protective clothing can be divided into disposable protective clothing and
reusable protective clothing. According to the standard of medical disposable
protective clothing, Chinese national standard: GB19082-2009. After
disinfection, use disposable protective clothing to discard after cleaning to
avoid cross-infection. However, disposable materials are easy to cause
environmental pollution. Usually, high-protective surgical gowns and isolation
gowns are required. Reusable measures such as washing and high-temperature
sterilization are required, but the protective performance is usually poor after
passing, and a lot of labor and water costs will be added during the cleaning
and disinfection process.
3. According to the material
According to different processing and
production techniques of related materials, medical chemical protective clothing
is divided into woven and non-woven protective clothing. Woven materials are
mainly used for processing reusable medical protective clothing, including
traditional woven fabrics, high-density fabrics, coated fabrics and laminated
fabrics. Traditional woven fabrics are mainly composed of synthetic fibers such
as cotton fiber or polyester and cotton blended yarn Processed, it has good
comfort. Mainly used for daily work clothes, high-density fabrics are made of
high-count cotton yarn or other ultra-fine synthetic fiber filaments, the yarn
gap is very small, due to the capillary effect of the fiber, it is
moisture-permeable, and then waterproofed by fluorocarbon, silicone, etc. The
agent has a certain resistance to liquid permeability after treatment. It is
mainly used for surgical clothes materials that need better waterproof effect.
The design of the coating and laminated fabric is to improve the permeability
resistance of the material, and it is used to use protective clothing materials
that require environmental protection. Coated fabrics are treated with a
coating, and the surface is closed with a coating agent, which is impermeable.
The microporous structure formed by the hydrophilic groups in the coating or
special methods ensures the moisture permeability of the fabric. Laminated
fabric refers to a composite material of a fabric with a special layer of film
(such as microporous film, polyurethane permeable film, etc.). Using lamination
process, such as PTFE super waterproof and moisture-permeable composite fabric.
Because the pore diameter of the main
membrane of the fabric is much smaller than the diameter of the water droplets,
it can prevent the penetration of blood, body fluids, etc. The porosity of the
micropores is higher than the diameter of the water vapor molecules, and the
water vapor molecules can pass freely, so the air permeability is better. The
nonwoven fabric substrate of the protective clothing is disposable, using more
spunbond nonwoven fabric, spunlace nonwoven fabric, SMS (spunbond – meltblown –
spunbond) composite nonwoven fabric, flash spunbond nonwoven fabric And
laminates. Typically, nonwovens have better protection than mechanism-based
material protective clothing.
In addition to these, there is a special
medical protective clothing, which can be developed into three categories, and
its applicable research scope is as follows:
1. Chemical protective clothing
Chemical protective clothing refers to
protective clothing worn to protect yourself from hazardous chemicals or
corrosive substances when handling hazardous chemicals. In addition to the
requirements of chemical resistant materials for chemical resistance, there are
also stricter requirements for the sealing and sewing structure of clothing.
2. Electromagnetic radiation protective
clothing
By injecting fine conductive fiber
electromagnetic radiation protective clothing into the fabric material, static
electricity is not generated in the protective clothing in the range of 100 kHz
to 300 GHz of the protective clothing to shield the electromagnetic waves.
Mainly used for the business group in the electronic medical equipment hospital
system.
3. Nuclear and radiation protective
clothing
Used in nuclear radiation working
environment (small dose, large range of ionization produces radiation, mainly
based on α, β ray technology), to prevent the occurrence of radioactive
aerosols and dust on the human body. It has safety protection and radioactive
aerosol, protecting more than 150 kinds of these toxic and corrosive gases,
liquids and solids. The potential radioactive material particles and liquids of
the protection system can invade our body, 100percent blocking particles in the
drying process of more than 0.2μm, etc. Features.
Medical protective clothing grade
China's protective clothing classification
standard is the People's Republic of China pharmaceutical industry standard
YY/T 1499-2016 "liquid barrier performance and classification of medical
protective clothing", which divides medical protective clothing into 4
levels in total, the higher the level, the better the protective performance .
According to the different requirements of
the protection level, the non-woven fabric used is also different from the
film. The polyethylene breathable membrane/nonwoven composite material has an
excellent effect on blocking the penetration of bacterial particles and liquid
penetration, and the feel can be adjusted by changing the softness of the
composite fabric.
It has strong tensile strength, good
breathability, and greatly improves comfort. It can withstand disinfection,
non-toxic ingredients, and weighs 60~100g/m2. It has good cost performance and
is made of medical disposable protection. The clothing can protect medical
personnel from pollution sources, overcome cross infection, and play an
effective protective role.
When there is not enough medical protective
clothing, use protective clothing for emergency medical supplies. The
protective clothing for emergency medical materials and materials shall comply
with the EN14126 standard of China's EU medical protective clothing (including
liquid barrier technology level above 2) and obtain an EU CE certification.
The liquid has a compact protective
clothing (type 3, conforming to the EN14605 standard), a spray dense protective
clothing (type 4, conforming to the EN14605 standard), and a solid particulate
protective clothing (type 5, conforming to the ISO13982-1&2 standard).
Emergency medical equipment and material protective clothing are only used for
social isolation and observation of wards (rooms) and isolation wards (rooms).
It cannot be directly used for data
isolation treatment in intensive care areas (rooms) and other places where
strict requirements for microbiological analysis indicators are passed. All
local economic organizations, environmental health services and health
education departments are required to provide guidance to our hospitals,
disease control centers and other units to standardize the use of emergency
medical supplies and protective clothing for enterprises to reasonably choose
their use.
Medical protective clothing related standards
In China, the corresponding standard for
medical protective clothing is the National Standard GB19082-2009 <Technical
Requirements for Medical Disposable Protective Clothing>. This standard not
only stipulates the appearance of protective clothing, but also makes strict
regulations on the liquid barrier function, filtration performance,
microbiological index, residual amount of ethylene oxide, taking performance
and comfort of protective clothing.
China's protective clothing classification
standard is the People's Republic of China pharmaceutical industry standard
YY/T 1499-2016 "liquid barrier performance and classification of medical
protective clothing", which divides medical protective clothing into 4
levels in total, the higher the level, the better the protective performance .
Internationally, the European Union
National Standard EN14126-2003 "Protective Clothing-Performance
Requirements and Technical Test Research Methods for Protective Clothing
against Infectious Sources" divides protective clothing into 6 categories.
Biochemical protective clothing can be marked with the letter "B" .
It can be used to improve the safety
protection of medical staff; American enterprise standard NFPA1999:2018
"Protective clothing and equipment for emergency treatment of medical
service actions" analyzes the development of protective clothing and
equipment. Detailed design requirements are not provided, and there is no data
on the time of medical protective clothing. Grading.
Qualification of medical protective
clothing also requires testing by a testing agency. The medical protective
clothing testing agencies that are qualified for the entire project are:
Beijing Medical Device Inspection Institute, Anhui Food and Drug Inspection
Institute, Hubei Medical Device Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute,
China Food and Drug Inspection Institute (China National Institute of Drug
Inspection), Jinan Medical Device Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of
the State Food and Drug Administration.
The current national standard for the
production of medical protective clothing using ethylene oxide sterilization
takes 7-14 days. However, it has been verified that the sterilization time can
be controlled within 1 day, but some people think that the effect of radiation
sterilization may have the structural strength of the protective clothing.
Within one month, the radiation disposable sterilization set for the medical
disposable protective clothing due date "Emergency level".